Dielectric device and method of manufacturing the same

ABSTRACT

A dielectric device has a first conductor and a dielectric disposed thereon. An intermediate region is formed between the first conductor and dielectric. In the intermediate region, an additive different from the first conductor and dielectric and the dielectric are mixed with each other. The additive contains at least one element of Si, Al, P, Mg, Mn, Y,V,Mo, Co, Nb, Fe, and Cr.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a dielectric device such as thin-filmcapacitor and a method of manufacturing the same.

2. Related Background Art

Dielectric devices having a structure in which a dielectric is providedon a conductor such as metal have been known in general. A typicalexample of the dielectric devices is a thin-film capacitor. JapanesePatent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-203455 discloses a thin-filmcapacitor formed on a metal foil. On the other hand, Japanese PatentApplication Laid-Open No. 2000-164460 discloses a method ofmanufacturing a thin-film capacitor comprising the steps of providing adielectric film on a metal foil and forming a metal layer on thedielectric film.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

For increasing the reliability of dielectric devices, it has beendesired to enhance the adhesion between a conductor in the dielectricdevices and a dielectric provided thereon. Therefore, it is an object ofthe present invention to provide a dielectric device which is excellentin the adhesion between the conductor and dielectric, and a method ofmanufacturing the same.

In one aspect, the present invention relates to a dielectric device.This dielectric device comprises a first conductor; a dielectricprovided on the first conductor; and an intermediate region positionedbetween the first conductor and dielectric. An additive different fromthe first conductor and dielectric and the dielectric are mixed witheach other in the intermediate region. The additive contains at leastone element selected from the group consisting of Si, Al, P, Mg, Mn, Y,V, Mo, Co, Nb, Fe, and Cr. Preferably, the additive has such aconcentration in the intermediate region as to enhance a criticalpeeling load value of the dielectric measured by scratching. Theintermediate region may exist on the whole or a part of the boundarybetween the first conductor and dielectric. In the intermediate region,the above-mentioned element may exist either as a simple substance or anoxide. In other words, the intermediate region may include one or bothof the simple substance and oxide of the element. The element in theadditive and a dielectric material constituting the dielectric maypartly react with each other.

The critical peeling load value represents a load required for peelingthe dielectric off. The higher this value is, the stronger becomes theadhesion between the first conductor and dielectric. According tostudies by the inventors, forming the intermediate region including asufficient amount of the additive at least partly between the firstconductor and dielectric can provide the dielectric with a criticalpeeling load value higher than that in a dielectric device having nointermediate region.

The first conductor may be constituted by Ni, Cu, or Al or an alloymainly composed of any of them. In other words, the first conductor maysubstantially be made of at least one species of conductive materialselected from the group consisting of Ni, Cu, Al, and alloys mainlycomposed of any of them. More specifically, the first conductor maycontain at least one species of conductive material selected from thegroup consisting of Ni, Cu, Al, and alloys mainly composed of any ofthem by at least 95 mass % of the total. The additive may contain oxidesof the above-mentioned element.

The dielectric device may further comprise a second conductor providedon the dielectric. In this case, the dielectric device can be used as acapacitor. The first conductor may contain the above-mentioned additive.In this case, it will be preferred if the concentration of theabove-mentioned element in the first conductor is 10 ppm to 5000 ppmwhen the element is Si and 10 ppm to 3000 ppm when the element is Al, P,Mg, Mn, Y, V, Mo, Co, Nb, Fe, or Cr. When these elements are containedin the first conductor in such a concentration, heating the firstconductor and the dielectric provided on the first conductor can formthe intermediate region, thereby fully enhancing the adhesion strengthof the dielectric and yielding favorable electric characteristics.

In another aspect, the present invention relates to a dielectric device.This dielectric device comprises a first conductor; a dielectricprovided on the first conductor; and an intermediate region positionedbetween the first conductor and dielectric, an additive different fromthe first conductor and dielectric and the dielectric being mixed witheach other in the intermediate region. The first conductor isconstituted by Ni and contains an additive, the additive contains Si,and Si in the first conductor has a concentration of 10 ppm to 5000 ppm.In the first conductor and intermediate region, Si may exist as either asimple substance or an oxide. In other words, the first conductor andintermediate region may contain one or both of the simple substance andoxide of Si.

When Si is contained in the first conductor by the above-mentionedconcentration, heating the first conductor and the dielectric providedon the first conductor can form the intermediate region, thereby fullyenhancing the adhesion of the dielectric, and yielding favorableelectric characteristics upon making a capacitor by providing a secondconductor on the dielectric.

Any of the above-mentioned dielectric devices can use an oxide as adielectric (dielectric material). A preferred example of the dielectricoxide is an oxide of perovskite type having a composition represented bya general formula of ABO₃. Preferred as the perovskite type oxide is anoxide containing at least one element selected from the group consistingof Ba, Sr, Ca, Pb, Ti, Zr, and Hf. Examples of this oxide includeBaTiO₃, SrTiO₃, (BaSr)TiO₃, (BaSr)(TiZr)O₃, and BaTiZrO₃. The dielectricmay contain at least one of these oxides.

The first conductor may be a metal foil. The metal foil isself-supportable and thus can be used as a base for supporting thedielectric. This makes it unnecessary to prepare a base separately fromthe first conductor. However, the dielectric device in accordance withthe present invention may further comprise a base for supporting thefirst conductor and dielectric.

In still another aspect, the present invention relates to a method ofmanufacturing a dielectric device. This method comprises the steps ofpreparing a first conductor containing at least one element selectedfrom the group consisting of Si, Al, P, Mg, Mn, Y, V, Mo, Co, Nb, Fe,and Cr as an additive; providing a dielectric constituted by a materialdifferent from the additive on the first conductor; and heating thefirst conductor and dielectric so as to form an intermediate regionbetween the first conductor and dielectric, the additive and thedielectric being mixed with each other in the intermediate region,thereby enhancing a critical peeling load value of the dielectricmeasured by scratching. The intermediate region may exist on the wholeor a part of the boundary between the first conductor and dielectric. Inthe intermediate region, the above-mentioned element may exist either asa simple substance or an oxide. In other words, the intermediate regionmay include one or both of the simple substance and oxide of theelement. The element in the additive and a dielectric materialconstituting the dielectric may partly react with each other.

Forming the intermediate region including a sufficient amount of theadditive at least partly between the first conductor and dielectric canprovide the dielectric with a critical peeling load value higher thanthat in a dielectric device having no intermediate region.

In still another aspect, the present invention relates to a method ofmanufacturing a dielectric device. This method comprises the steps ofpreparing a first conductor containing an additive; providing adielectric constituted by a material different from the additive on thefirst conductor; and heating the first conductor and dielectric so as toform an intermediate region between the first conductor and dielectric,the additive and the dielectric being mixed with each other in theintermediate region. The first conductor may be constituted by Ni, theadditive may contain Si, and Si in the first conductor may have aconcentration of 10 ppm to 5000 ppm. The intermediate region may existon the whole or a part of the boundary between the first conductor anddielectric. In the intermediate region, Si may exist either as a simplesubstance or an oxide. In other words, the intermediate region maycontain one or both of the simple substance and oxide of Si.

When Si is contained in the first conductor by the above-mentionedconcentration, heating the first conductor and the dielectric providedon the first conductor can form the intermediate region, thereby fullyenhancing the adhesion of the dielectric, and yielding favorableelectric characteristics upon making a capacitor by providing a secondconductor on the dielectric.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing the structure of adielectric device in accordance with an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a method of manufacturing thedielectric device.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a method of manufacturing a thin-filmcapacitor.

FIG. 4 is an electron micrograph of a cross section of the dielectricdevice.

FIG. 5 is a view showing distributions of elements in the cross sectionof the dielectric device.

FIG. 6 is a view showing distributions of elements in the cross sectionof the dielectric device.

FIG. 7 is an electron micrograph of a cross section of the dielectricdevice.

FIG. 8 is a view showing distributions of elements in the cross sectionof the dielectric device.

FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing distributions of additives on asurface of an Ni foil.

FIG. 10 is a schematic sectional view showing a modified example of thedielectric device.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

In the following, embodiments of the present invention will be explainedin detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In theexplanation of the drawings, the same constituents will be referred towith the same numerals without repeating their overlapping descriptions.

FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing the structure of adielectric device 10 in accordance with an embodiment of the presentinvention. The dielectric device 10 has a base 12 which is a firstconductor and a dielectric film 14 provided on the base 12. The base 12is a conductor layer constituted by a conductive material. Thedielectric film 14 is a dielectric constituted by a dielectric material.In this embodiment, the base 12 is an Ni foil, whereas the dielectricfilm 14 is constituted by BST, i.e., barium strontium titanate(BaSr)TiO₃. The base 12 has such a thickness as to be able to supportthe dielectric film 14 and maintain a sufficient strength. In thisembodiment, the thickness of the base 12 is about 100 μm, whereas thethickness of the dielectric film 14 is about 500 nm. Metal foils such asNi foils are self-supportable and can favorably be used as the base 12for supporting the dielectric film 14.

An intermediate region 16 is formed between the base 12 and dielectricfilm 14. In the intermediate region 16, an additive different from Niconstituting the base 12 and BST constituting the dielectric film 14 ismixed with BST. As will be explained later, the additive enhances theadhesion of the dielectric film 14 to the base 12. Preferably, theadditive is contained in the intermediate region 16 by a concentrationsufficient for enhancing the adhesion of the dielectric film 14 by atleast 1.5 times.

A method of manufacturing the dielectric device 10 will now be explainedwith reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. First, as shown in FIG. 2(a), an Nifoil made by rolling is prepared as the base 12. However, the method ofmaking the metal foil for the base 12 in the present invention is notlimited to rolling, but may be any of other methods such aselectrolysis.

The Ni foil used in this embodiment is doped with a sufficient amount ofSi. Though the Ni foil is also doped with other elements such as Ti, Mg,Al, and P, Si has the highest concentration. Preferably, these additiveshave such a concentration as to enhance the critical peeling load valueof the dielectric film 14 measured by scratching, which will beexplained later, by at least 1.5 times. Preferred concentrations of theadditives will be explained later in detail.

Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 2(b), a BST thin film is formed as thedielectric film 14 on the base 12, so as to make a multilayer structure15. In this embodiment, BST is deposited by sputtering on the base 12,so as to form the dielectric film 14. However, the method of forming thedielectric film 14 is not limited to sputtering in the presentinvention, whereby the dielectric film 14 may be formed by any of othermethods such as chemical solution methods. Here, the composition of BSTis Ba_(0.7)Sr_(0.3)TiO₃. However, the composition ratio between Ba andSr is not limited to 7:3, whereby any other composition ratios can beemployed.

Next, as shown in FIG. 2(c), the multilayer structure 15 is introducedinto an annealing furnace 20, and is heated in a high-temperature gasatmosphere 25 for a predetermined time. This annealing process improvesthe crystallinity of the dielectric film 14, while forming theintermediate region 16 on the boundary between the base 12 anddielectric film 14 (FIG. 3(d)). The annealing process causes theadditives in the base 12 to flocculate into BST constituting thedielectric film 14, whereby the intermediate region 16 is formed.Therefore, in the intermediate region 16, the additives are mixed withBST.

For preventing the base 12, i.e., Ni foil, from being oxidized, areducing atmosphere, a reduced-pressure atmosphere, or areduced-pressure reducing atmosphere is used as the atmosphere 25. Here,the reduced-pressure atmosphere refers to an atmosphere having apressure lower than 1 atm (=101325 Pa), whereas the reduced-pressurereducing atmosphere refers to a reducing atmosphere having a pressurelower than 1 atm. For sufficiently improving the crystallinity of thedielectric film 14, it will be preferred if the temperature of theatmosphere 25 is 400° C. or higher. In this embodiment, the temperatureof the atmosphere 25 is set to 800° C.

Forming the intermediate region 16 completes the dielectric device 10.The intermediate region 16 may exist on the whole or a part of theboundary between the base 12 and dielectric film 14.

Since BST constituting the dielectric film 14 contains oxygen, theadditives in the Ni foil may bind to oxygen when flocculated into theintermediate region 16. Therefore, there is a strong possibility that atleast a part of the additives in the intermediate region 16 exists as anoxide.

The inventors conducted energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) byusing a transmission electron microscope (TEM), so as to measuredistributions of elements in the dielectric device 10. FIG. 4 is aphotograph of a cross section taken with the TEM, whereas FIGS. 5 and 6show distributions of elements measured at the same cross section. InFIG. 5, (a), (b), (c), and (d) indicate distributions of Ba, Ti, Sr, andSi, respectively. In FIG. 6, (e), (f), (g), and (h) indicatedistributions of Ni, P, Al, and O, respectively. In FIGS. 5 and 6,regions where the respective elements exist are represented by whitespots.

In the intermediate region 16, as can be seen from these charts, Niwhich is a main ingredient of the base 12 hardly exists, while theelements in BST are mixed with Si, P, and Al which are additives in theNi foil. As shown in FIG. 6(h), O is distributed over the whole area ofthe intermediate region, whereby major parts of Si, P, and Al seem tobind to O, so as to form oxides.

FIG. 7 is a photograph of a cross section enlarging a part of theintermediate region 16 in FIG. 5, whereas FIG. 8 shows distributions ofelements measured at the same cross section. In FIG. 8, (i), (j), (k),and (l) indicate distributions of Ba, Ti, Sr, and Si, respectively. InFIG. 8, regions where the respective elements exist are represented bywhite spots.

As shown in FIG. 8(l), Si is distributed substantially uniformly withoutsegregation as with the elements in BST. Therefore, Si and BST seem toreact with each other in at least a part of the intermediate region 16.

Further, using the dielectric device 10, a thin-film capacitor is madein this embodiment. The thin-film capacitor is also one of dielectricdevices. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3(e), an upper electrode 18 isformed on the dielectric film 14, so as to yield a thin-film capacitor30. In this embodiment, the upper electrode 18 is constituted by Cu.Here, the base 12 made of the Ni foil finctions as a lower electrode ofthe thin-film capacitor 30.

By preparing a plurality of Ni rolled foils doped with variousconcentrations of Si, the inventors manufactured a plurality ofdielectric devices 10 and thin-film capacitors 30, and measured theadhesion of the dielectric film 14 and electric characteristics of thethin-film capacitor 30, i.e., capacity density (C/A) and leakcharacteristic, in each of them. The capacity density is defined by(capacitance of thin-film capacitor 30)/(area of electrode 18).

The adhesion of the dielectric film 14 was measured by using thedielectric device 10 instead of the thin-film capacitor 30. Themeasurement was conducted by scratching with an ultrathin film scratchtester CSR-02 of Rhesca Co., Ltd. As has been publicly known, thescratching is a method in which a hard indenter having a fixed radius ofcurvature is pressed against a surface of a film to be measured andscratches the surface of the film while increasing the load applied tothe indenter, and a load value at which destruction of the film (e.g.,peeling of the film from its backing material) occurs is measured. Thisload value is referred to as “critical peeling load value”.

The adhesion strength of the film can be calculated by using thiscritical load value. Namely, as the maximum stress acting on aperipheral part of an indent formed by the indenter, the adhesionstrength F of the film is represented by the following expression:$\begin{matrix}{F = \frac{H}{\sqrt{\frac{\pi\quad R^{2}H}{W} - 1}}} & (1)\end{matrix}$Here, R is the radius of curvature of the indenter, and H is the Brinellhardness of the backing material.

The following Table 1 shows the results of measurement of criticalpeeling load values of the dielectric films 14 and electriccharacteristics of the thin-film capacitors 30. TABLE 1 critical peelingleak Si concentration load value C/A characteristic (ppm) (mN) (μF/cm²)(A/cm²) 0 10 3.5 1.7 × 10⁻⁷ 10 15 3.5 1.7 × 10⁻⁷ 100 20 3.5 1.8 × 10⁻⁷500 23 3.5 2.0 × 10⁻⁷ 1000 23 3.5 2.2 × 10⁻⁷ 5000 25 3.0 2.8 × 10⁻⁷10000 25 2.4 3.4 × 10⁻⁵

In this table, “leak characteristic” indicates the current density ofthe leak current occurring when applying a voltage of 3 V between thelower electrode (i.e., base 12) and upper electrode 18 of the thin-filmcapacitor 30 at room temperature. The “Si concentration” indicates theconcentration of the simple substance of Si added to the Ni foil or thevalue obtained by converting the concentration of oxides of Si into theconcentration of Si.

As shown in Table 1, the critical peeling load value of the dielectricfilm 14 was 10 mN when the concentration of Si added to the Ni foil was0 i.e., when the Ni foil was doped with no Si, so that no Si existed inthe intermediate region 16. When the Si concentration was 10 ppm, bycontrast, the critical peeling load value was 15 mN, thus increasing by1.5 times that obtained when the Si concentration was 0. As the Siconcentration rose, the critical peeling load value increased, whereby acritical peeling load value of 25 mN was obtained at Si concentrationsof 5000 ppm and 10000 ppm. Thus, forming an intermediate region where Siexists can easily realize an improvement by 1.5 times or more of thecritical peeling load value of the dielectric film 14, which has notbeen achieved conventionally.

On the other hand, the Si concentration exceeding 5000 ppm deteriorateselectric characteristics of the thin-film capacitor 30 (morespecifically, its capacity density (C/A) and leak characteristic),though the critical peeling load value of the dielectric film 14 ishigh. This seems to be because Si and oxides of Si diffuse into thedielectric film 14, and partly react with BST as the case may be,thereby deteriorating properties of BST as a dielectric.

The reason why the adhesion of the dielectric film 14 is improved by theintermediate region 16 has not been clear yet. For elucidating thereason, the inventors annealed an Ni rolled foil made by the same methodas with the base 12, and then analyzed distributions of additives on asurface of the Ni rolled foil by using an EPMA (Electron Probe MicroAnalyzer). FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing distributions of additivesmeasured by the EPMA. Here, FIG. 9(a) shows the distribution of Si, inwhich a white region 22 indicates an area with a low Si concentration,whereas a region 26 with spots indicates an area with a high Siconcentration. FIG. 9(b) shows the distribution of Al, in which a whiteregion 26 indicates an area with a low Al concentration, whereas aregion 26 with spots indicates an area with a high Al concentration.FIG. 9(c) shows the distribution of P, in which a white region 24indicates an area with a low P concentration, whereas a region 28 withspots indicates an area with a high P concentration. The thickness ofthe Ni foil used for the analysis was 300 μm. This Ni foil was heatedfor 1 hour in a reducing atmosphere (H₂: 5000 ppm; Dp =50° C.) at 800°C.

FIG. 9 clarifies that additives are deposited on the surface of the Nifoil by the annealing process mentioned above and that the additiveshave nonuniform distributions on the surface of the Ni foil. Inparticular, P is distributed linearly along crystal grain boundaries ofNi. While FIG. 9 shows Si, Al, and P among the additives in the Ni foil,other additives were also deposited on the surface of the Ni foilaccording to results of the analysis. There is a possibility ofirregularities having been formed on the surface of the Ni foil becauseof the nonuniform distributions of additives (impurities). Similarly, itseems that additives nonuniformly flocculate on the boundary between thebase 12 and dielectric film 14, thereby forming irregularities on theboundary in the above-mentioned dielectric device 10 as well. Theinventors consider that there is a possibility that the irregularitiesmesh with the dielectric film 14, thereby improving the adhesion of thedielectric film 14.

According to the above-mentioned results of various experiments, theinventors infer as follows. Namely, a preferred concentration of Si inthe Ni foil is 10 ppm to 5000 ppm in the dielectric device 10 andthin-film capacitor 30. The adhesion between the base 12 and dielectricfilm 14 is hard to enhance sufficiently when the concentration of Si inthe Ni foil is less than 10 ppm, whereas the deterioration in electriccharacteristics of the thin-film capacitor 30 becomes remarkable whenthe Si concentration exceeds 5000 ppm. The Si concentration fallingwithin the range of 10 to 5000 ppm can sufficiently improve the adhesionof the dielectric film 14 while yielding favorable electriccharacteristics.

A more preferred concentration of Si is 100 ppm to 1000 ppm. Accordingto Table 1 mentioned above, the critical peeling load value of thedielectric film 14 can be enhanced by 2 times or more when the Siconcentration in the Ni foil is at least 100 ppm. On the other hand, theSi concentration of 1000 ppm or less in the Ni foil can prevent thecapacity density (C/A) from deteriorating.

Thus, since the dielectric device 10 and thin-film capacitor 30 inaccordance with this embodiment have the intermediate region 16containing Si as an additive, the adhesion of the dielectric film 14 isimproved. When the Si concentration is appropriately adjusted, favorableelectric characteristics of the thin-film capacitor 30 can be obtainedwhile keeping a high adhesion of the dielectric film 14.

The present invention is explained in detail according to itsembodiments in the foregoing. However, the present invention is notlimited to the above-mentioned embodiments. The present invention can bemodified in various ways within a scope not deviating from the gistthereof.

According to the knowledge of the inventors, not only Si but also Al, P,Mg, Mn, Y, V, Mo, Co, Nb, Fe, and Cr act to enhance the adhesion of thedielectric to the conductor. Namely, the intermediate region 16 formedat the boundary between the conductor and dielectric may contain atleast one element selected from the group consisting of Al, P, Mg, Mn,Y, V, Mo, Co, Nb, Fe, and Cr. These elements may also be added to thebacking material (base 12 in the above-mentioned embodiment) of thedielectric. The following Tables 2 to 12 show results of measurement ofthe critical peeling load value of the dielectric film 14 and electriccharacteristics of the thin-film capacitor 30 in the respective caseswhere the intermediate region 16 contains the above-mentioned elements.The method of measurement is as mentioned above in connection withTable 1. In these tables, the “concentration” of each element representsthe concentration of the simple substance of the element in the firstconductor or the value obtained by converting the concentration ofoxides of the element into the concentration of the element. All theelements are found to yield favorable crititical peeling load values andelectric characteristics of the thin-film capacitors 30 in theappropriate concentration range. TABLE 2 critical peeling leak Alconcentration load value C/A characteristic (ppm) (mN) (μF/cm²) (A/cm²)0 10 3.5 1.7 × 10⁻⁷ 10 15 3.5 1.7 × 10⁻⁷ 100 18 3.5 1.7 × 10⁻⁷ 500 203.5 2.0 × 10⁻⁷ 1000 23 3.5 2.2 × 10⁻⁷ 3000 23 3.1 3.1 × 10⁻⁷ 5000 24 2.64.5 × 10⁻⁵

TABLE 3 critical peeling leak P concentration load value C/Acharacteristic (ppm) (mN) (μF/cm²) (A/cm²) 0 10 3.5 1.7 × 10⁻⁷ 10 15 3.51.7 × 10⁻⁷ 100 17 3.5 2.1 × 10⁻⁷ 500 20 3.5 2.5 × 10⁻⁷ 1000 20 3.5 3.2 ×10⁻⁷ 3000 21 3.0 4.1 × 10⁻⁷ 5000 23 2.3 8.0 × 10⁻⁵

TABLE 4 critical peeling leak Mg concentration load value C/Acharacteristic (ppm) (mN) (μF/cm²) (A/cm²) 0 10 3.5 1.7 × 10⁻⁷ 10 15 3.51.7 × 10⁻⁷ 100 18 3.5 2.0 × 10⁻⁷ 500 20 3.5 2.1 × 10⁻⁷ 1000 23 3.5 2.3 ×10⁻⁷ 3000 23 3.1 3.8 × 10⁻⁷ 5000 23 2.3 7.5 × 10⁻⁵

TABLE 5 critical peeling leak Mn concentration load value C/Acharacteristic (ppm) (mN) (μF/cm²) (A/cm²) 0 10 3.5 1.7 × 10⁻⁷ 10 16 3.51.6 × 10⁻⁷ 100 18 3.7 1.4 × 10⁻⁷ 500 20 3.6 1.6 × 10⁻⁷ 1000 22 3.5 1.9 ×10⁻⁷ 3000 22 3.2 2.5 × 10⁻⁷ 5000 23 2.7 5.0 × 10⁻⁵

TABLE 6 critical peeling leak Y concentration load value C/Acharacteristic (ppm) (mN) (μF/cm²) (A/cm²) 0 10 3.5 1.7 × 10⁻⁷ 10 15 3.51.6 × 10⁻⁷ 100 17 3.6 1.7 × 10⁻⁷ 500 20 3.6 2.1 × 10⁻⁷ 1000 20 3.5 3.2 ×10⁻⁷ 3000 20 3.2 3.7 × 10⁻⁷ 5000 21 2.8 5.4 × 10⁻⁵

TABLE 7 critical peeling leak V concentration load value C/Acharacteristic (ppm) (mN) (μF/cm²) (A/cm²) 0 10 3.5 1.7 × 10⁻⁷ 10 15 3.51.7 × 10⁻⁷ 100 17 3.6 2.1 × 10⁻⁷ 500 20 3.6 2.5 × 10⁻⁷ 1000 20 3.5 3.2 ×10⁻⁷ 3000 22 3.1 3.5 × 10⁻⁷ 5000 23 2.5 6.7 × 10⁻⁵

TABLE 8 critical peeling leak Mo concentration load value C/Acharacteristic (ppm) (mN) (μF/cm²) (A/cm²) 0 10 3.5 1.7 × 10⁻⁷ 10 15 3.51.7 × 10⁻⁷ 100 18 3.5 1.9 × 10⁻⁷ 500 20 3.5 2.1 × 10⁻⁷ 1000 22 3.5 2.3 ×10⁻⁷ 3000 23 3.0 4.2 × 10⁻⁷ 5000 23 2.4 7.7 × 10⁻⁵

TABLE 9 critical peeling leak Co concentration load value C/Acharacteristic (ppm) (mN) (μF/cm²) (A/cm²) 0 10 3.5 1.7 × 10⁻⁷ 10 16 3.51.7 × 10⁻⁷ 100 18 3.5 2.2 × 10⁻⁷ 500 20 3.5 2.3 × 10⁻⁷ 1000 22 3.5 2.7 ×10⁻⁷ 3000 22 3.2 3.5 × 10⁻⁷ 5000 23 2.3 6.3 × 10⁻⁵

TABLE 10 critical peeling leak Nb concentration load value C/Acharacteristic (ppm) (mN) (μF/cm²) (A/cm²) 0 10 3.5 1.7 × 10⁻⁷ 10 15 3.51.7 × 10⁻⁷ 100 17 3.5 2.0 × 10⁻⁷ 500 20 3.5 2.1 × 10⁻⁷ 1000 21 3.5 3.2 ×10⁻⁷ 3000 22 3.1 3.7 × 10⁻⁷ 5000 24 2.6 3.4 × 10⁻⁵

TABLE 11 critical peeling C/A leak Fe concentration load value (μF/characteristic (ppm) (mN) cm²) (A/cm²) 0 10 3.5 1.7 × 10⁻⁷ 10 15 3.5 1.7× 10⁻⁷ 100 17 3.6 2.1 × 10⁻⁷ 500 20 3.5 2.5 × 10⁻⁷ 1000 20 3.5 3.2 ×10⁻⁷ 3000 22 3.1 4.8 × 10⁻⁷ 5000 23 2.5 6.7 × 10⁻⁵

TABLE 12 critical peeling C/A leak Cr concentration load value (μF/characteristic (ppm) (mN) cm²) (A/cm²) 0 10 3.5 1.7 × 10⁻⁷ 10 16 3.5 1.6× 10⁻⁷ 100 19 3.5 1.7 × 10⁻⁷ 500 20 3.5 2.1 × 10⁻⁷ 1000 21 3.5 3.2 ×10⁻⁷ 3000 24 3.1 3.7 × 10⁻⁷ 5000 25 2.3 5.4 × 10⁻⁵

The backing material (base 12 in the above-mentioned embodiment) of thedielectric is not limited to Ni, but may be constituetd by Cu or Al oran alloy mainly composed of Ni, Cu, or Al. The dielectric is not limitedto BST. The dielectric may be an oxide, a preferred example of which isan oxide of perovskite type having a composition represented by ageneral formula of ABO₃. Examples of the perovskite type oxide includeoxides containing at least one element selected from the groupconsisting of Ba, Sr, Ca, Pb, Ti, Zr, and Hf. More specific examples ofthe perovskite type oxide include BT, i.e., barium titanate BaTiO₃,strontium titanate SrTiO₃, (BaSr)(TiZr) O₃, and BaTiZrO₃ in addition toBST. The dielectric may contain one or more of these oxides. The upperelectrode 18 may be constituted by metals other than Cu (e.g., Pt) oralloys as well.

In the above-mentioned embodiment, the base 12 supporting the dielectricfilm 14 also acts as the lower electrode of the thin-film capacitor 30.As shown in FIG. 10, a substrate 32 supporting a conductor layer 34which is a first conductor and a dielectric film 14 may be provided as abase instead. FIG. 10 is a schematic sectional view showing thusmodified dielectric device 10 a. The substrate 32 has a sufficientthickness, and supports the conductor layer 34 and dielectric film 14.In other words, a layer 12 a constituted by the substrate 32 anddielectric layer 34 functions as a base for supporting the dielectricfilm 14. When an upper electrode is provided on the dielectric film 14so as to form a thin-film capacitor, the conductor layer 34 functions asa lower electrode.

The present invention can provide a dielectric device which is excellentin adhesion between the conductor and dielectric, and a method ofmanufacturing the same.

1. A dielectric device comprising: a first conductor; a dielectric provided on the first conductor; and an intermediate region positioned between the first conductor and dielectric, an additive different from the first conductor and dielectric and the dielectric being mixed with each other in the intermediate region; wherein the additive contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of Si, Al, P, Mg, Mn, Y, V, Mo, Co, Nb, Fe and Cr.
 2. A dielectric device according to claim 1, wherein the additive has such a concentration in the intermediate region as to enhance a critical peeling load value of the dielectric measured by scratching.
 3. A dielectric device according to claim 1, wherein the first conductor is constituted by Ni, Cu, or Al or an alloy mainly composed of any thereof.
 4. A dielectric device according to claim 1, wherein the additive contains an oxide of the element.
 5. A dielectric device according to claim 1, further comprising a second conductor provided on the dielectric; wherein the first conductor contains the additive, the element in the first conductor having a concentration of 10 ppm to 5000 ppm when the element is Si and a concentration of 10 ppm to 3000 ppm when the element is Al, P, Mg, Mn, Y, V, Mo, Co, Nb, Fe, or Cr.
 6. A dielectric device according to claim 1, wherein the first conductor is constituted by Ni and contains the additive, the additive containing Si, Si in the first conductor having a concentration of 10 ppm to 5000 ppm.
 7. A dielectric device according to claim 1, wherein the dielectric is an oxide.
 8. A dielectric device according to claim 7, wherein the dielectric has a perovskite structure and contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr, Ca, Pb, Ti, Zr and Hf.
 9. A dielectric device according to claim 1, wherein the first conductor is a metal foil.
 10. A dielectric device according to claim 1, further comprising a base for supporting the first conductor and dielectric.
 11. A method of manufacturing a dielectric device, the method comprising the steps of: preparing a first conductor containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of Si, Al, P, Mg, Mn, Y, V, Mo, Co, Nb, Fe and Cr as an additive; providing a dielectric constituted by a material different from the additive on the first conductor; and heating the first conductor and dielectric so as to form an intermediate region between the first conductor and dielectric, the additive and dielectric being mixed with each other in the intermediate region, thereby enhancing a critical peeling load value of the dielectric measured by scratching.
 12. A method of manufacturing a dielectric device, the method comprising the steps of: preparing a first conductor containing an additive; providing a dielectric constituted by a material different from the additive on the first conductor; and heating the first conductor and dielectric so as to form an intermediate region between the first conductor and dielectric, the additive and the dielectric being mixed with each other in the intermediate region; wherein the first conductor is constituted by Ni, the additive containing Si, Si in the first conductor having a concentration of 10 ppm to 5000 ppm. 